Category: Navigation

Beacons, also called PAR (Privodnaya Aerodromnaja Radiostante) guiding radios or otherwise (Privodnaya Avyacionnaya Radiostance) and APR (Avtomatizirowannaja Privodnaya Radiostante), are designed to cooperate with aircraft radiocompasses. In the 20th century, apart from aeronautical beacons, shoreline naval beacons operating in the 283.5 – 325 kHz range were also used. They allowed ships to take a bearing…

Military landing systems were divided into: instrument landing system (USL) and landing system according to commands from the ground, in Poland called the radiolocation landing system (RSL) – translated into Polish Russian abbreviation RSP (radio-locationnaja sistema posadki). The USL system included a distant beacon, a beacon, a closer beacon, beacons and electro-light devices. The USL…

Terminal is the modern name for an airport station. The largest airports have up to four terminals. Passengers are checked in at the terminals. There you can buy a ticket. They’re there; waiting rooms, information points, bars, restaurants, shops, chapels, toilets, airport facilities and much more.

The runway lighting is to facilitate the orientation of the crew as to their position during poor visibility and at night. The better the airport, the more extensive the lighting is. Additionally, the number of faulty lamps must not exceed 1%. The worse the airport, the smaller the requirements are. There are many airports in…

In the military aviation in the times of the Polish People’s Republic, various types of tape recorders, most often produced by the USSR, were used to record ground-to-air conversations, telephone conversations and for special purposes. The country had experience in recording sound, which was carried out in many ways. That is, work on electromechanical sound…

In many state institutions of the Polish People’s Republic, including the army, there was a need to send documents by radio or by telephone lines. Various types of telecopy cameras were used for this purpose, sending photographs or drawings. In the military aviation, meteorological stations and offices received radio-broadcast synoptic maps. The staffs of tactical…

Wind gauge, the name anemometer is also used, in older publications you can find the name rumboanemometer, which is an exact tracing paper from the Russian language. This name refers to anemometers that measure two parameters, wind speed and direction, which makes it more precise. A good Polish name is the speed-direction anemometer. In turn,…

In aviation regiments during the Polish People’s Republic and long after it, until now, the airport service companies (col) were equipped with small lighting power plants of Polish production with single-phase EO-1 / PAB gasoline generating sets with a portable PAB-2-1 generating set / 230 (mounted in a tubular housing-cage) and EO-4 with PAB-4-1 /…

The GSz-23 gun, in Russian ГШ-23, is an abbreviation of the names of the designers Griaziew-Shypunov. The GSz-23 cannon is a 23 mm double-barreled automatic cannon, designed by the CCCP as an on-board shooting weapon for aircraft. The GSz-23 gun was introduced into service in 1965. The cannon replaced the popular NR-23 single-barrel cannon of…

The experience of the Second World War has shown that missiles are an extremely effective weapon. Already during this war, the CCCP combat aviation used unguided missiles. The first anti-tank guided missiles were developed by Germany at the end of World War II. A certain amount of these missiles ended up in the hands of…