Category: Navigation

In the previous chapter, "Outline of the history of air navigation 1960-1980", we presented the most important problems in the development of commercial aviation and the accompanying navigation. This period culminated in commercial passenger airliners; Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8 and Convair 880/990 which were powered by turbojet engines. The first two designs were designed to…

The 50s of the twentieth century was a dynamic period of the development of radiolocation in Poland. This was due to several important factors. Firstly; it was a new field, perfectly suited to the military layer. Secondly; relatively high funding. Thirdly; support from the authorities in Moscow. Fourthly; export possibilities of new equipment. The entire…

Radiolocation is one of the techniques used in navigation. Radiolocation uses the straightness of propagation of electromagnetic waves and the phenomenon of their reflection from obstacles. Thanks to this, it is possible to locate, track and determine the position of airborne objects. Radiolocation is divided into: Active – radar (radiolocator) sends a radio signal and…

The events of 1989 were a major breakthrough for the Republic of Poland. On July 1, 1991, in Prague, the Warsaw Pact was dissolved. By 1993, the occupation army of the Moscow state had left the territory of sovereign Poland. It is a pity that Moscow state agents were not removed at that time. We…

The taxiway strip is the area where the taxiway is the main element. The taxiway strip is always wider than the taxiway itself and significantly exceeds the wingspan of the taxiing on it. Throughout its width and length, there must be no obstacles that might damage the airplane. A good example is the Boeing B-52…

ZDPSR Bystra – A Polish-made Radar Station, PIT-RADWAR S.A., capable of transfer, installed on an armored Żubr-P vehicle. The radar is a modern, three-coordinate station equipped with an antenna with active electronic scanning (AESA). Used in short range (SHORAD) and very short range (VSHORAD) air defense systems. The radar is multi-functional and multi-purpose with versatile…

Due to the fact that Polish achievements in the field of radar are significant and on a global level, we will often refer to Polish radar equipment. Important note here; In the years of the Polish People’s Republic, it was a strictly secret area and important for our state. Therefore, little information has reached the…

You cannot talk about navigation in aviation without knowing the basics of geography. Let’s start with what the Earth looks like. Its spherical shape was confirmed by sailors during great geographical discoveries (1450-1650). Then there were photos taken from stratospheric balloons and the first artificial satellites of the Earth. Cosmonauts and astronauts saw it with…

Navigation is as old as life on earth. Many animal species already had their innate navigational abilities. For example birds, headed by storks. Man unknowingly began to learn navigation from the moment of his hunting expeditions. Then there were military and commercial expeditions. Already in antiquity, there were the first travelers who described their expeditions.…

The maneuvering area or movement area is the part of the aerodrome area intended for take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding the aprons. In practice, the maneuvering area includes the take-off area, detailing runways and taxiways. Runways and taxiways are the most characteristic features of the maneuvering area, though not the only ones.