Elbl\u0105g (Latin name Elbinga, Prussian name Elbings). The city has poviat rights and is located in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It is situated at the mouth of the Elbl\u0105g River to the Vistula Lagoon. According to data from June 30, 2012, 123,977 inhabitants lived here.<\/p>\n The city was founded in 1237 by the Teutonic Knights (closer to the Vistula Lagoon), but almost immediately it was destroyed by the Prussian tribes of Pogozean. The Teutonic Knights moved to today’s Old Town, where a settlement had existed since the 10th century. In 1246, the settlement was granted city rights. From 1250, the Teutonic Knights began to rule here. The Teutonic Knights brought Germanic settlers here. In the following decades, the Teutonic Knights conquered the Prussians, murdering them to the last.<\/p>\n Thanks to its location, Elbl\u0105g was a seaport for the Teutonic Order. Around 1300, a brick castle was built here, which, next to the castle in Malbork, was the most important in the lands of the bloody order. The basis for the development of the city was maritime trade, which resulted in the influx of not only goods, but also settlers and robbers from various countries. The city of Elbl\u0105g participated in the life of the Hanseatic League. From the mid-fourteenth century, Elbl\u0105g began to gradually lose its importance in relation to other Prussian port cities. After the murder of the Prussians, Elbl\u0105g ceased to be a military base to the east, and after the Teutonic Knights seized Gda\u0144sk Pomerania and the establishment of the capital of the Teutonic state in Malbork, Elbl\u0105g lost its character as the main political and economic center. After the defeat of the Teutonic Knights with the Polish-Lithuanian army at Grunwald in 1410, the townspeople of Elbl\u0105g conquered and drove out the Teutonic Knights together with a large hospital and the local commander. On July 22, 1410, the inhabitants of Elbl\u0105g paid homage to the Polish King W\u0142adys\u0142aw Jagie\u0142\u0142o. However, in September 1410, the castle returned to the hands of the Teutonic Knights. In 1440, it was in Elbl\u0105g that the Prussian Union was established. On February 12, 1454, as a result of the anti-Teutonic uprising, the townspeople from Elbl\u0105g, after a 5-day siege, captured the Teutonic castle, and then, fearing that the Teutonic Knights would return again, destroyed it. In the same year, the inhabitants of Elbl\u0105g paid tribute to King Casimir IV Jagiellon in the captured Teutonic castle. In 1454, Elbl\u0105g received a great privilege from the Polish King Kazimierz Jagiello\u0144czyk, confirming the old laws, extending the power of the Polish self-government, increasing the powers of the City Court and enlarging the city’s territory almost twice. The city of Elbl\u0105g took over the existing fishing rights of the commanders, their mills and other goods. In return, Elbl\u0105g actively participated in the defeat of the Teutonic fleet in sea battles in the Vistula Lagoon. According to the provisions of the Peace of Toru\u0144 ending the Thirteen Years’ War in 1466, Elbl\u0105g was granted to Poland, to which it belonged for about 300 years, until 1772, i.e. until the partitions. The golden sixteenth and seventeenth centuries came to Elbl\u0105g. The turn of the 16th \/ 17th century was a period of development of the city and sea trade, caused by the war of Stefan Batory with the rebellious Gda\u0144sk. At that time, all Polish exports and imports went through the port in Elbl\u0105g, until the king’s agreement with the townspeople of Gda\u0144sk. As a result of the Polish-Swedish war over the mouth of the Vistula, in the period 1626-1635 a Swedish garrison was stationed in the city, which withdrew from the city after signing the truce in Sztumska Wie\u015b. During the Deluge, the Swedish army captured the city on December 22, 1655. The destruction caused by the Swedish occupation in the period 1656-1660 stopped development, and the plagues that accompanied it depopulated the city. During the Great Northern War, the city was occupied successively by Swedish (1703-1710), Moskal (1710-1712) and Saxon (1712) troops. Successive stays of foreign troops depleted the municipal budget. The fallen city became easy prey for Prussia. Already during the First Partition of Poland in 1772, Elbl\u0105g was under Prussian rule. The city lost all its privileges. The city authorities were subordinated to Prussian state officials. Elbl\u0105g became a provincial district town. Striving to make Poland economically dependent on Prussia, the invader imposed a tariff on Polish goods. At the beginning of the 19th century, the city was relegated to the role of a river port in local trade. Against this background, the metal, weaving, dyeing and glass industries began to develop. Numerous agri-food processing plants, tobacco plants, soap factories, oil mills and starch plants were established. The shipbuilding industry has not disappeared. Economic development brought with it the formation of a working class, the core of which were metal workers. This is how the seeds of Germanic communists were born, who drew their knowledge from Red Moscow and Red Berlin. Cells of the Social Democratic Party of Germany started operating in the city. With the outbreak of the Great World War, the city’s situation deteriorated significantly. As early as 1914, tens of thousands of refugees visited Elbl\u0105g. The result was widespread chaos, lack of food, etc. The economic downturn of the war years resulted in the closure of many industrial plants and, as a result, increasing unemployment. In the final years of the war, thousands of inhabitants suffered from hunger and there was a shortage of housing.<\/p>\n After the Gema\u0144cy lost the war, as a result of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, from November 28, 1920, Elbl\u0105g, along with the eastern part of West Prussia, remained in Germanania. The loss of natural outlets led the industry in Elbl\u0105g to another crisis. Communist movements continued to develop. Workers’ councils and other revolutionary organizations operated here, including the German communist party. After Hitler’s bandit came to power, Elbl\u0105g became a garrison center. A military aviation school was established at the airport, which had already been established during the World War II. Barracks for artillery, cavalry, engineering and infantry were built in various parts of the city.<\/p>\n At the beginning of World War II, armored columns were launched from Elbl\u0105g for the invasion of the Republic of Poland. Camps for people displaced from Germanania to the territories of the eastern Polish Republic were established here. POW camps were established here. There were two sub-camps of the Stutthof concentration camp. The Muscovites fought for Elbl\u0105g from January 23, 1945 to February 10, 1945. Fierce battles left the city in ruins. The historic buildings of the Old Town were destroyed, as well as the entire \u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie. It is estimated that about 10,000 soldiers and civilians died during the fighting. During the reign of Moslems, the city was plundered of all machinery and factory equipment.<\/p>\n On May 19, 1945, that is, nearly three weeks after the end of World War II, the Muscovites officially handed over the keys to the city to the communist Polish authorities. Importantly, some Soviet military units remained in Elbl\u0105g for a few more months. After more than 170 years, Elbl\u0105g was again within the borders of the Polish State. The new authorities’ priority was to give the city a Polish national identity and to deport the Germanic population. Brick from the ruins of Elbl\u0105g was sent to Warsaw for its reconstruction. Elbl\u0105g Old Town has been completely demolished.<\/p>\n In 1949, the city of Elbl\u0105g was affected by Stalinist terror in events known as the Elbl\u0105g Affair. It is worth mentioning.<\/p>\n The Elbl\u0105g case is a colloquial term for the events related to the fire of the production hall No. 20 of the Zamech mechanical plant in Elbl\u0105g and the consequences of this fire. On the night of July 16-17, 1949, the production hall No. 20 of the Zamech mechanical plant in Elbl\u0105g burned down. After the fire, the Security Office arrested over 100 people on charges of sabotage. Some of the arrested had no connection with the Zamech, their arrest was political, including the re-emigrants from France accused of forming a spy network. Three of those arrested were sentenced to death, six to long-term imprisonment. Many people died during or shortly after the investigation. It was the most felt act of communist-Stalinist terror in Elbl\u0105g. This event is associated with the ongoing campaign against Poles living in France during World War II, as well as French citizens and diplomats staying in Poland at that time. Sentenced to death: Jean Bastard, Alojzy Janasiewicz, Andrzej Skrzesi\u0144ski.<\/p>\n Sentenced to imprisonment: Stefan Czy\u017c (life imprisonment), Adam Basista (15), Boles\u0142aw Jagodzi\u0144ski (15), Boles\u0142aw Bobulis (12), Edward Dawidowicz (12), J\u00f3zef Olejniczak (11). Died during the investigation: Henryk Zaj\u0105c (found dead in his cell).<\/p>\n In 1956, all convicts were acquitted. This event is commemorated in Elbl\u0105g with a square named after the Victims of the Elbl\u0105g Case and a commemorative plaque. An acquittal and a memorial plaque are not enough. Not only should communist criminals be exposed, but they should also be tried and punished. The lack of vetting and decommunization after 1989 gave a safe conduct to the communists, whose sons and daughters still play important functions in the state apparatus of the Republic of Poland.<\/p>\n In the 1980s, the construction of the city center began, however following the communist pattern. Work on the foundations revealed the foundations of old buildings. A side issue was that Elbl\u0105g obtained valuable information about its history.<\/p>\n Elbl\u0105g still has a chance of becoming one of the most important cities in Poland. However, the first step must be to gain access to the Baltic Sea through the Vistula Spit and build a new airport. The Vistula Spit cut became a reality in 2022. Currently (2022), the navigable canal to the port is being modernized.<\/p>\n In 1912, the Germanic Stiefvater, flying by plane from Berlin to Kr\u00f3lewiec via the coastal air route, was forced to make an emergency landing on one of the streets of the City of Elbl\u0105g. The aviation history of Elbl\u0105g dates from this event, the 100th anniversary of which was solemnly celebrated in 2012. The airport was built for the needs of the Great World War in 1915. Its intensive expansion and militarization took place after Hitler came to power in Germany. The Germans were very proud that Hitler visited their airport and town three times. The airport was named Fliegerhorst in May 1939. The airport served connections with Kr\u00f3lewiec, Szczecin and Berlin. From 1935, military pilots were trained here and a bomb regiment was stationed, and temporarily also a fighter regiment. In the summer of 1939, a large ammunition and bomb depot was set up in the southern part of the airport. On August 30, 1939, about 200 bomber and fighter planes were based at the airport. The bomb regiment from September 1, 1939, participated in the bombing of Polish cities: Tczew, Grudzi\u0105dz, Toru\u0144 and Bydgoszcz. Their first destination was the bridge over the Vistula River near Tczew. The Germans reportedly did not want to destroy the bridge, but to keep it. They attributed the destruction of the bridge to Polish sappers. Nay. The Germanic plague is proud that the attack on the bridge over the Vistula River was carried out at 04:34, that is before the official declaration of war on Poland.<\/p>\n During World War II, there was a lot of traffic at the airport in Elbl\u0105g. There was an aviation school. Many barracks were erected as accommodation and warehouses. The construction of drainage ditches for drainage of adjacent areas has started.<\/p>\n In October 1943, about 100 American bombers flew over Elbl\u0105g. Their destination was the airport and factory in K\u00f6nigsdorf, near Malbork. There, the planes dropped bombs on the Messerschmitt assembly plants and completely destroyed them. All workers were hired to repair the damage. When everything was rebuilt in April 1944, the bombers flew in again and turned everything into disrepair.<\/p>\n After World War II, the airport fell into the hands of Moskal. Various Soviet regiments were temporarily stationed here. In 1948, the Muscovites handed over the airport to the Polish Army. From 1948 to 1952, the 5th Assault Aviation Regiment was stationed at the airport, which was then transferred to Bydgoszcz and stationed there for many years. The 5th Assault Aviation Regiment was not the only air unit in Elbl\u0105g. On the basis of the order No. 0096 \/ Org. Minister of National Defense on December 11, 1951, the 50th Assault Aviation Regiment was formed. The unit was organized in the Elbl\u0105g garrison, at the Elbl\u0105g airport. The first order of the commander of the 50th PLSz was issued on May 1, 1952. The unit was formed according to the number of employees No. 6\/104 with a capacity of 307 soldiers and 2 contract workers. The unit received JW No. The 4697th Regiment was part of the 13th Assault Aviation Division. However, on November 19, 1952, order No. 0078 \/ Org. Of the Minister of National Defense, who ordered the 50th Assault Aviation Regiment to be disbanded by December 20, 1952.<\/p>\n The main problem with the airport was the lack of a hard runway. Due to its location, the airport was not attractive in the plans of the Polish Army. The airport, as a passenger one, could not develop due to the poverty of Poland. In addition, during the times of the Polish People’s Republic, the authorities in Warsaw did not notice that Elbl\u0105g was within the borders of Poland. In 1957, the airport became the seat of the Elbl\u0105g Aeroclub.<\/p>\n You should also know that due to the wet meadows nearby, fog often rises above the airport. The take-off field itself is exceptionally soft.<\/p>\n On June 6, 1999, the June service was celebrated on the field of flights by the Holy Pope John Paul II, who visited Elbl\u0105g during his 7th pilgrimage to Poland. Here, to welcome the Pilgrim of Peace and on the occasion of the upcoming Great Jubilee of the Year 2000, the Racing Pigeon Breeders Association released 2,000 pigeons, which soared over the altar and over the gathered people. During his stay in Elbl\u0105g, the Pope celebrated a service in honor of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. It coincided with the anniversary of the consecration of all mankind to the Heart of Christ by Pope Leo XIII. In his homily, John Paul II referred to the martyrdom of St. Wojciech, who died in the nearby \u015awi\u0119t Gaj. – You have to be faithful to the end, (…) you have to have the courage to protect the image of God in your soul, even at the highest cost – the Pope said.<\/p>\n The visit of Pope John Paul II to Elbl\u0105g was a one-off, but extremely important event in the history of the city. It is alive in the minds of the participants of the papal liturgy. Remains in the city of mementoes of the presence of Saint John Paul II in it: the monument at the cathedral of St. Nicholas, the throne and kneeler in the cathedral temple, the chalice – a gift from the Holy Father, the papal cross in Traugutt Park and the cross on the building of the Higher Theological Seminary, hospital and school bearing the name of the Pope, tunnel in Elbl\u0105g railway station and street named after John Paul II. In the Archives of the Diocese of Elbl\u0105g, rich archival documentation related to the preparation and course of the papal visit has been collected and cataloged.<\/p>\n On July 14, 2012, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Elbl\u0105g Airport, an air festival was organized. At the same time, it was the International Rally of Aviation Enthusiasts. On the part of the Polish Army, "White-Red Sparks" and helicopters of the Navy and Border Guard appeared. The Polish Aviation Museum in Krakow actively participated in the event. There was the "\u017belazny" group and balloons. Modelers with flying and reduction models also showed up. The main organizer of the shows was the Aeroklub Elbl\u0105ski.<\/p>\n The "Multiannual Investment Plan until 2020 for the city of Elbl\u0105g" provides for the expansion of the current sports airport and adaptation to the applicable standards for the needs of civil aviation in the years 2016-2020.<\/p>\n During the times of the Polish People’s Republic, Elbl\u0105g became a large military garrison. Not only air units were stationed here (which in fact were an episode here), but most of all armored forces. Eight large military units were stationed here; 16th Infantry Division (transformed into the 16th Kashubian Armored Division), 1st Medium Tank Regiment, 4th Pomeranian Heavy Tank Regiment, 55th Elbl\u0105g Mechanized Infantry Regiment, 58th Medium Tank Regiment, 60th Kartuski Medium Tank Regiment, 13th Medium Tank Regiment Armored Artillery, Mechanized Infantry Officer School.<\/p>\n We have already mentioned air units above. But there was one more unit in Elbl\u0105g, strongly associated with military aviation; 14. Airport Construction Battalion. Formed in Ole\u015bnica on October 15, 1952, on the basis of the order No. 0552 of the Minister of National Defense. At the beginning of 1954, the battalion was transferred to Elbl\u0105g and stationed here until disbanded in 2010. In its history, from 01\/01\/2000, it was renamed the 14th Airfield Damage Removal Battalion (14 buzl), and from 01\/01\/2009, as the 14th Airport Renovation Battalion (14th Brl). The unit was subordinate to the commander of the 2nd Air Defense Corps in Bydgoszcz, and then the commander of the 1st Tactical Aviation Wing in \u015awidwin. The unit was called JW. 3451 and stationed near the Elbl\u0105g Airport. On December 31, 2010, the battalion was disbanded.<\/p>\n The area of \u200b\u200bthe unit covers 19 hectares with several buildings, including former barracks. The Polish Army handed over this facility to the Military Housing Agency, and then to the city. The property was valued at 11 million 700 thousand. zlotys. The city authorities wanted to allocate the area of \u200b\u200bthe military unit for investment. Ultimately, the city became the owner of this area for PLN 5 million.<\/p>\n The infrastructure around the airport in the so-called Zatorze was very rich. A few objects come from the Germanic times, but most of them were built in the times of the Polish People’s Republic. Three large hangars were built here. Until now, one is used by the aeroclub, which has built another, smaller hangar. The two remaining hangars were used for many years by the wax repair workshops, and then by the Allmet production plant. The northern part of the complex, along with the barracks and staff parts, was occupied by the 14th Airport Construction Battalion.<\/p>\n Elbl\u0105g airport (IATA code: ZBG, ICAO code: EPEL) – a grassy airport located in Elbl\u0105g at Lotnicza 8. The airport is managed by the Elbl\u0105g Aeroclub. The airport is located almost within the administrative boundaries of the city of Elbl\u0105g, in the so-called Nowy Pole. The term Zatorze is also often heard. Address: ul. Lotnicza 8b 82-300 Elbl\u0105g.<\/p>\n A grassy field of highs. Possible DS .; RWY 08\/26 900 m x 200m, RWY 03\/21 600 m x 300 m, RWY basic 10\/28 (104\/284) 600 m x 200 m, RWY acc. To AIP closed 07\/25 (075\/255) 913 m x 100 m. Radio ; Port \/ Info – PORT 122,300 MHz, Square \/ Aero – AERO 122,100 MHz. Contact +48 537 334 410 or +48 601 638 917. www.aeroklubelblaski.pl. The airport has an area (about 50 hectares) and it is practically impossible to expand in terms of area.<\/p>\n Navigation info; Powered Aircraft – South Circle. Gliders – Northern Circle. Mandatory two-way radio communication in ATZ EPEL. Operating hours: MON-FRI 08: 00-16: 00 LMT.<\/p>\n The Elbl\u0105g Aeroclub offers an airplane hangar at the airport for rent. The access to the hangar is cleared of snow in winter. 24h security. The hangar is insured. Electrically opening doors. Approximate rental costs from PLN 550 gross per month. The aeroclub conducts gliding and flight training. The Elbl\u0105g Aeroclub also runs a parachute section. The aeroclub has an An-2 plane, so it takes many jumpers into the air at once. The parachute section conducts training for the landing line on MARS parachutes. For adventurous people, tandem parachute jumps are organized from a height of up to 3,000 m. Cost from 700 PLN.<\/p>\n How to get to the Elbl\u0105g Airport? You need to enter the city center near the train station and find yourself on Aleja Grunwaldzka street. It is a through Elbl\u0105g Street and at the same time Provincial Road No. 500. You should turn into Lotnicza Street towards the south. After crossing the railway crossing, follow the main road to the left (east). This is still Lotnicza Street. Theoretically, we should go straight to the airport. But, after about 200 meters there is a sign that directs us to the asphalt block to the right and it brings us to the airport. Exact address: ul. Lotnicza 8b, 82-300 Elbl\u0105g.<\/p>\n Written by Karol Placha Hetman<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Elbl\u0105g (Latin name Elbinga, Prussian name Elbings). The city has poviat rights and is located in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. It is one of the oldest cities in Poland. It is situated at the mouth of the Elbl\u0105g River to the Vistula Lagoon. According to data from June 30, 2012, 123,977 inhabitants lived here.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-airports"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/polot.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/polot.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/polot.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polot.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polot.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2809"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/polot.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2809\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3039,"href":"https:\/\/polot.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2809\/revisions\/3039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/polot.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polot.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/polot.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}History of the City of Elbl\u0105g.<\/h3>\n
The case of Elbl\u0105g.<\/h3>\n
History of the airport in Elbl\u0105g.<\/h3>\n
Polish Army in Elbl\u0105g.<\/h3>\n
Airport infrastructure.<\/h3>\n
Elbl\u0105g airport.<\/h3>\n